groups

Moving on to the next bit of information that’s encoded in the ls command’s output, we get to the user and group section. This shows us the owner of the file, and the primary group associated with the file: $ ls -l total 4 -rw-r--r-- 2 gabe gabe 0 Nov 2 13:37 a-hard-link-to-a-new-file drwxr-xr-x 2 gabe gabe 512 Dec 5 13:30 a-new-dir -rw-r--r-- 2 gabe gabe 0 Nov 2 13:37 a-new-file lrwxr-xr-x 1 gabe gabe 10 Nov 8 11:36 a-symbolic-link-to-a-new-file -> a-new-file In this case, the user and the group are the same: gabe gabe [Read More]